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Heat cramps don’t require you to go to the ER.��

Heat Exhaustion����

Heat exhaustion is a moderate form of heat illness and results from the loss of salt and water. Its symptoms may include:��

If you experience these, start hydrating and move to a cool area. You may need to go to the ER,�� especially if you fainted or have any medical conditions. You may need IV fluids, blood tests and further work-up.��

Heat Stroke����

Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat illness and a medical emergency. A bystander should call 911, and the patient should go to the ER—probably by ambulance.��

Symptoms include:��

If you witness a person experiencing these, move them to a cool shaded area, if possible. Apply wet or damp cloths to their skin and call 911 immediately.��

How is heat stroke treated in the ER?��

In the ER, bringing down the body temperature of a patient with heat stroke is the first order of business, says Dr. Alexis Halpern, an Assistant Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine and Assistant Attending Physician at �鶹��ý�����. “The ER has ice water and other cooling mechanisms immediately available to place around patients. We also use IV fluids to bring the temperature down, and keep a close eye as the temperature improves to make sure the patient is okay.”��

Who is at risk for heat-related illness?����

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), infants, children, older adults and outdoor workers are at greater risk for heat-related illness than healthy adults. People with chronic conditions, especially those over 65, are also more vulnerable to the effects of the heat.��

What factors may add to a person’s risk?��

The CDC names the following additional risk factors for heat-related illness:��

How to prevent dehydration��

During the hot summer months, it’s easy to lose water through perspiration—the body’s natural cooling system. But we may lose more of it than we take in if we don’t drink enough fluids. Babies and younger children as well as older adults are at highest risk of becoming dehydrated.��

For the youngest among us, the ��ٰ�’s guidelines vary, depending on a child’s activity level, size and age:��

Infants over 6 months who are eating solid food generally need much less water than older children: about 2 to 8 ounces a day.��

If you’re an older adult, aim for at least eight 8-ounce cups per day. However, that recommendation may vary depending on your gender, age and activity level.����

What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration?��

The easiest way to see if your child is hydrated is to check their urine. It it’s dark yellow, orange or brown, they’re dehydrated. Look for pale yellow, experts say.��

The signs and symptoms of mild dehydration may also include dizziness, light-headedness and less urine overall. Fewer wet diapers may also be a sign that your infant or toddler is dehydrated.��

Severe hydration in both children and adults causes the following:��

Depending on your level of concern, go to the ER so that you, or your child, can be properly diagnosed and treated.��

Is it okay to administer rehydration measures at home?��

Your doctor may recommend that you or your child drink an oral rehydration solution, which is a mix of water and electrolytes such as potassium and sodium. You can purchase oral rehydration solution at your local pharmacy.����

Which medications can increase the risk of heat-related illness?��

Two widely used over-the-counter medications can interfere with the body’s signals and processes that serve to keep a person cool during hot weather: decongestants (such as phenylephrine) and antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine).��

Certain prescription medications, too, are associated with abnormally high body temperature. These include several anti-psychotics, blood pressure medications, stimulants and certain anti-depressants.����

Speak with your doctor about safety precautions if you’re taking medication in one or more of these categories, Dr. Halpern says.��

As for illicit drugs, stay away from stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine. These change your heart rate, blood pressure and metabolic activity, which can increase your risk for heat-related illness.��

Tips for preventing heat-related illness��

She suggests the following preventive tips, which will help you and your children stay safe when the heat and humidity stoke the next heat wave in the New York Metropolitan Area:����

…and the CDC adds a few important “don’ts”:��

Where to find a cooling center��

In June, Mayor Adams announced the opening of 500 cooling centers across the city, located in public spaces such as libraries and community centers. To find one in your neighborhood, go to the New York State Department of Health’s , which features a map and guide to cooling centers in your zip code.����

How can people who work outside protect themselves?��

If you have to work outside, as construction workers do, drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty. Do it as a matter of self-protection. But don’t drink alcohol or beverages containing large amounts of sugar.����

The CDC also recommends wearing sunscreen and reapplying it throughout the day.��

Here are a few more of the ��ٰ�’s tips for good measure:��

Takeaway points��